HTML Formatting Text Examples
Text formatting
Preformatted text (how to control line breaks and spaces)
Different computer-output tags
Insert an address
Abbreviations and acronyms
Text direction
Long and short quotations
How to mark deleted and inserted text
Examples explained
Tuesday, March 2, 2010
Friday, February 5, 2010
Learn about Visual Basic Programming Language
Summery of tutorials
Introduction to VB
Lesson one
Lesson Quiz
Lesson two
Lesson three
Lesson four
Welcome to the Visual Basic Section
Please Click on one of the following locations :
Tutorial for new visual basic er's and advanced levelSource code a collection of over 70+ visual basic source code
If you would like to go back to the main page please click on here
Visual Basic Tutorial Summary:Goto Lesson 1 Now
About the Development Environment
The project explorer windows
Running a form
Making your first *.exe
Understanding the tool bar
Introducing Source code
Command Button properties
Explanations of global modules
Opening an existing Visual Basic project.
Explore the forms and the source code behind the an existing project in design mode
Recognise and understand the function of the main component of the Visual Basic environment eg. toolbar's , toolboxes , project window, properties window and most importantly the source code window.
Saving your project to a file.
Button Properties.
Goto Lesson 2 Now
Know what an Event is.
Determine what Events a control can have
Write code for one or more Events.
Using optionbuttons to produce an event
Using checkboxes to produce an event
Grouping controls using a frame
Make a simple alteration to the interface, such as changing background colour, at run time.
Creating a listbox.
Remove and Add listboxs functions.
Creating Combo Boxes
What the different types of combo boxes are.
Goto Lesson 3 Now
Displaying Message Boxes
Opening Files
Retrieving Information from files
Saving Information to files
Printing text to the printer
Introduction to VB
Lesson one
Lesson Quiz
Lesson two
Lesson three
Lesson four
Welcome to the Visual Basic Section
Please Click on one of the following locations :
Tutorial for new visual basic er's and advanced levelSource code a collection of over 70+ visual basic source code
If you would like to go back to the main page please click on here
Visual Basic Tutorial Summary:Goto Lesson 1 Now
About the Development Environment
The project explorer windows
Running a form
Making your first *.exe
Understanding the tool bar
Introducing Source code
Command Button properties
Explanations of global modules
Opening an existing Visual Basic project.
Explore the forms and the source code behind the an existing project in design mode
Recognise and understand the function of the main component of the Visual Basic environment eg. toolbar's , toolboxes , project window, properties window and most importantly the source code window.
Saving your project to a file.
Button Properties.
Goto Lesson 2 Now
Know what an Event is.
Determine what Events a control can have
Write code for one or more Events.
Using optionbuttons to produce an event
Using checkboxes to produce an event
Grouping controls using a frame
Make a simple alteration to the interface, such as changing background colour, at run time.
Creating a listbox.
Remove and Add listboxs functions.
Creating Combo Boxes
What the different types of combo boxes are.
Goto Lesson 3 Now
Displaying Message Boxes
Opening Files
Retrieving Information from files
Saving Information to files
Printing text to the printer
Learn about C++ Language
C++ Language Tutorial
These tutorials explain the C++ language from its basics up to the newest features of ANSI-C++, including basic concepts such as arrays or classes and advanced concepts such as polymorphism or templates. The tutorial is oriented in a practical way, with working example programs in all sections to start practicing each lesson right away.[ Download the entire tutorial as a PDF file ]
Introduction:
Instructions for use
Basics of C++:
Structure of a program
Variables. Data Types.
Constants
Operators
Basic Input/Output
Control Structures:
Control Structures
Functions (I)
Functions (II)
Compound Data Types:
Arrays
Character Sequences
Pointers
Dynamic Memory
Data Structures
Other Data Types
Object Oriented Programming:
Classes (I)
Classes (II)
Friendship and inheritance
Polymorphism
Advanced Concepts:
Templates
Namespaces
Exceptions
Type Casting
Preprocessor directives
C++ Standard Library:
Input/Output with files
These tutorials explain the C++ language from its basics up to the newest features of ANSI-C++, including basic concepts such as arrays or classes and advanced concepts such as polymorphism or templates. The tutorial is oriented in a practical way, with working example programs in all sections to start practicing each lesson right away.[ Download the entire tutorial as a PDF file ]
Introduction:
Instructions for use
Basics of C++:
Structure of a program
Variables. Data Types.
Constants
Operators
Basic Input/Output
Control Structures:
Control Structures
Functions (I)
Functions (II)
Compound Data Types:
Arrays
Character Sequences
Pointers
Dynamic Memory
Data Structures
Other Data Types
Object Oriented Programming:
Classes (I)
Classes (II)
Friendship and inheritance
Polymorphism
Advanced Concepts:
Templates
Namespaces
Exceptions
Type Casting
Preprocessor directives
C++ Standard Library:
Input/Output with files
Do yu know about BASIC Language
In computer programming, BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code[1]) is a family of high-level programming languages. The original BASIC was designed in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, USA to provide computer access to non-science students. At the time, nearly all use of computers required writing custom software, which was something only scientists and mathematicians tended to be able to do. The language and its variants became widespread on microcomputers in the late 1970s and 1980s. BASIC remains popular to this day in a handful of highly modified dialects and new languages influenced by BASIC such as Microsoft Visual Basic. As of 2006, 59% of developers for the .NET platform used Visual Basic .NET as their only language.[2]
Contents[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early years: the mainframe and mini-computer era
1.2 Explosive growth: the home computer era
1.3 Maturity: the personal computer era
2 Examples
2.1 Unstructured BASIC
2.2 Structured BASIC
2.3 BASIC with object-oriented features
3 List of BASIC programming commands/statements
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
6.1 Standards
7 External links
//
[edit] History
Before the mid-1960s, computers were extremely expensive and used only for special-purpose tasks. A simple batch processing arrangement ran only a single "job" at a time, one after another. But during the 1960s faster and more affordable computers became available. With this extra processing power, computers would sometimes sit idle, without jobs to run.
Programming languages in the batch programming era tended to be designed, like the machines on which they ran, for specific purposes (such as scientific formula calculations or business data processing or eventually for text editing). Since even the newer, less expensive machines were still major investments, there was a strong tendency to consider efficiency to be the most important feature of a language. In general, these specialized languages were difficult to use and had widely disparate syntax.
As prices decreased, the possibility of sharing computer access began to move from research labs to commercial use. Newer computer systems supported time-sharing, a system which allows multiple users or processes to use the RAM and memory. In such a system the operating system alternates between running processes, giving each one running time on the RAM before switching to another. The machines had become fast enough that most users could feel they had the machine all to themselves. In theory, timesharing reduced the cost of computing tremendously, as a single machine could be shared among hundreds of users.
[edit] Early years: the mainframe and mini-computer era
The original BASIC language was designed in 1963 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz[3] and implemented by a team of Dartmouth students under their direction. BASIC was designed to allow students to write programs for the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System. It was intended to address the complexity issues of older languages with a new language design specifically for the new class of users that time-sharing systems allowed—that is, a less technical user who did not have the mathematical background of the more traditional users and was not interested in acquiring it. Being able to use a computer to support teaching and research was quite novel at the time. In the following years, as other dialects of BASIC appeared, Kemeny and Kurtz's original BASIC dialect became known as Dartmouth BASIC.
The eight design principles of BASIC were:
Be easy for beginners to use.
Be a general-purpose programming language.
Allow advanced features to be added for experts (while keeping the language simple for beginners).
Be interactive.
Provide clear and friendly error messages.
Respond quickly for small programs.
Not to require an understanding of computer hardware.
Shield the user from the operating system.
The language was based partly on FORTRAN II and partly on ALGOL 60, with additions to make it suitable for timesharing. (The features of other time-sharing systems such as JOSS and CORC, and to a lesser extent LISP, were also considered.) It had been preceded by other teaching-language experiments at Dartmouth such as the DARSIMCO (1956) and DOPE (1962 implementations of SAP and DART (1963) which was a simplified FORTRAN II). Initially, BASIC concentrated on supporting straightforward mathematical work, with matrix arithmetic support from its initial implementation as a batch language and full string functionality being added by 1965. BASIC was first implemented on the GE-265 mainframe which supported multiple terminals. At the time of its introduction, it was a compiled language. It was also quite efficient, beating FORTRAN II and ALGOL 60 implementations on the 265 at several fairly computationally intensive (at the time) programming problems such as numerical integration by Simpson's Rule.
The designers of the language decided to make the compiler available free of charge so that the language would become widespread. They also made it available to high schools in the Dartmouth area and put a considerable amount of effort into promoting the language. As a result, knowledge of BASIC became relatively widespread (for a computer language) and BASIC was implemented by a number of manufacturers, becoming fairly popular on newer minicomputers like the DEC PDP series and the Data General Nova. The BASIC language was also central to the HP Time-Shared BASIC system in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and the Pick operating system. In these instances the language tended to be implemented as an interpreter, instead of (or in addition to) a compiler.
Several years after its release, highly respected computer professionals, notably Edsger W. Dijkstra, expressed their opinions that the use of GOTO statements, which existed in many languages including BASIC, promoted poor programming practices.[4] Some have also derided BASIC as too slow (most interpreted versions are slower than equivalent compiled versions) or too simple (many versions, especially for small computers, left out important features and capabilities).
[edit] Explosive growth: the home computer era
MSX BASIC version 3.0
Notwithstanding the language's use on several minicomputers, it was the introduction of the MITS Altair 8800 "kit" microcomputer in 1975 that provided BASIC a path to universality. Most programming languages required suitable text editors, large amounts of memory and available disk space, whereas the early microcomputers had no resident editors, limited memory and often substituted recordable audio tapes for disk space. All these issues allowed a language like BASIC, in its interpreted form with a built-in code editor, to operate within those constraints.
BASIC also had the advantage that it was fairly well-known to the young designers and computer hobbyists who took an interest in microcomputers, and generally worked in the electronics industries of the day. Kemeny and Kurtz's earlier proselytizing paid off in this respect and the few hobbyists' journals of the era were filled with columns that made mentions of the language or focused entirely on one version compared to others.
One of the first to appear for the 8080 machines like the Altair was Tiny BASIC, a simple BASIC implementation originally written by Dr. Li-Chen Wang, and then ported onto the Altair by Dennis Allison at the request of Bob Albrecht (who later founded Dr. Dobb's Journal). The Tiny BASIC design and the full source code were published in 1976 in DDJ.
In 1975, MITS released Altair BASIC, developed by college drop-outs Bill Gates and Paul Allen as the company Micro-Soft, which grew into today's corporate giant, Microsoft. The first Altair version was co-written by Gates, Allen, and Monte Davidoff in a burst of enthusiasm and neglect of studies. Versions of Microsoft BASIC (also known then, and most widely as M BASIC or MBASIC) was soon bundled with the original floppy disk-based CP/M computers, which became widespread in small business environments. As the popularity of BASIC on CP/M spread, newer computer designs also introduced their own version of the language, or had Micro-Soft port its version to their platform.
When three major new computers were introduced in what Byte Magazine would later call the "1977 Trinity",[5] all three had BASIC as their primary programming language and operating environment. The Commodore PET licensed a version of Micro-Soft BASIC that was ported to the MOS 6502, while Apple II and TRS-80 both introduced new, largely similar versions of the language. As new companies entered the field, additional versions were added that subtly changed the BASIC family. The Atari 8-bit family had their own Atari BASIC that was modified in order to fit on an 8 kB ROM cartridge. The BBC published BBC BASIC, developed for them by Acorn Computers Ltd, incorporating many extra structuring keywords. Most of the home computers of the 1980s had a ROM-resident BASIC interpreter, allowing the machines to boot directly into BASIC. Because of this legacy, there are more dialects of BASIC than there are of any other programming language.
As BASIC grew in this period, many magazines such as Creative Computing Magazine published complete source code in BASIC for games, utilities, and other programs. Given BASIC's straightforward nature, it was simple matter to type in the code from the magazine and execute the program. Different magazines were published featuring programs for specific computers, though some BASIC programs were universal and could be used in machines running any variant of BASIC . A logical extension of the magazine idea was the publishing of BASIC source code in full-fledged books: probably the classic example was David Ahl's series of Basic Computer Games.[6][7][8]
[edit] Maturity: the personal computer era
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (January 2010)
IBM Cassette BASIC 1.10
IBM Disk BASIC 1.10
IBM BASICA 1.10
GW-BASIC 3.23
As early as 1979 Microsoft was in negotiations with IBM to supply their IBM PCs with an IBM Cassette BASIC (BASIC C) inside BIOS. Microsoft sold several versions of BASIC for MS-DOS/PC-DOS including IBM Disk BASIC (BASIC D), IBM BASICA (BASIC A), GW-BASIC (a BASICA-compatible version that did not need IBM's ROM) and QuickBASIC. Turbo Pascal-publisher Borland published Turbo BASIC 1.0 in 1985 (successor versions are still being marketed by the original author under the name PowerBASIC). Microsoft wrote the windowing based AmigaBASIC that was supplied with version 1.1 of the pre-emptive multitasking GUI Amiga computers (late 1985/ early 1986), although the product unusually did not bear any Microsoft marks.
These languages introduced many extensions to the original home computer BASIC, such as improved string manipulation and graphics support, access to the file system and additional data types. More important were the facilities for structured programming, including additional control structures and proper subroutines supporting local variables.
However, by the latter half of the 1980s newer computers were far more capable with more resources. At the same time, computers had progressed from a hobbyist interest to tools used primarily for applications written by others, and programming became less important for most users. BASIC started to recede in importance, though numerous versions remained available. Compiled BASIC or CBASIC is still used in many IBM 4690 OS point of sale systems.
BASIC's fortunes reversed once again with the introduction of Visual Basic by Microsoft. It is somewhat difficult to consider this language to be BASIC, because of the major shift in its orientation towards an object-oriented and event-driven perspective. The only significant similarity to older BASIC dialects was familiar syntax. Syntax itself no longer "fully defined" the language, since much development was done using "drag and drop" methods without exposing all code for commonly used objects such as buttons and scrollbars to the developer. While this could be considered an evolution of the language, few of the distinctive features of early Dartmouth BASIC, such as line numbers and the INPUT keyword, remain (although Visual Basic still uses INPUT to read data from files, and INPUTBOX is available for direct user input; line numbers can also optionally be used in all VB versions, even VB.NET, albeit they cannot be used in certain places, for instance before SUB).
Ironically given the origin of BASIC as a "beginner's" language, and apparently even to the surprise of many at Microsoft who still initially marketed Visual Basic or "VB" as a language for hobbyists, the language had come into widespread use for small custom business applications shortly after the release of VB version 3.0, which is widely considered the first relatively stable version. While many advanced programmers still scoffed at its use, VB met the needs of small businesses efficiently wherever processing speed was less of a concern than easy development. By that time, computers running Windows 3.1 had become fast enough that many business-related processes could be completed "in the blink of an eye" even using a "slow" language, as long as massive amounts of data were not involved. Many small business owners found they could create their own small yet useful applications in a few evenings to meet their own specialized needs. Eventually, during the lengthy lifetime of VB3, knowledge of Visual Basic had become a marketable job skill.
Three modern Basic variants: Mono Basic, OpenOffice.org Basic and Gambas
Many BASIC dialects have also sprung up in the last few years, including Bywater BASIC and True BASIC (the direct successor to Dartmouth BASIC from a company controlled by Kurtz). One notable variant is RealBasic which although first released in 1998 for Macintosh computers, has since 2005 fully compiled programs for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and 32-bit x86 Linux, from the same object-oriented source code. RealBasic compiled programs may execute natively on these platforms as services, consoles or windowed applications. However in keeping with BASIC tradition, single-platform hobbyist versions are also still maintained. Many other BASIC variants and adaptations have been written by hobbyists, equipment developers, and others, as it is a relatively simple language to develop translators for. An example of an open source interpreter, written in C, is MiniBasic. More complex examples of free software BASIC implementations (development tools and compilers) includes Gambas and FreeBASIC.
The ubiquity of BASIC interpreters on personal computers was such that textbooks once included simple "Try It In BASIC" exercises that encouraged students to experiment with mathematical and computational concepts on classroom or home computers. Futurist and sci-fi writer David Brin mourned the loss of ubiquitous BASIC in a 2006 Salon article.[9]
[edit] Examples
This section does not cite any references or sources.Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)
[edit] Unstructured BASIC
New BASIC programmers on a home computer might start with a simple program similar to the Hello world program made famous by Kernighan and Ritchie. This generally involves simple use of the language's PRINT statement to display the message (such as the programmer's name) to the screen. Often an infinite loop was used to fill the display with the message. Most first generation BASIC languages such as MSX BASIC and GW-BASIC supported simple data types, loop cycles and arrays. The following example is written for GW-BASIC, but will work in most versions of BASIC with minimal changes:
10 INPUT "What is your name: ", U$
20 PRINT "Hello "; U$
30 INPUT "How many stars do you want: ", N
40 S$ = ""
50 FOR I = 1 TO N
60 S$ = S$ + "*"
70 NEXT I
80 PRINT S$
90 INPUT "Do you want more stars? ", A$
100 IF LEN(A$) = 0 THEN GOTO 90
110 A$ = LEFT$(A$, 1)
120 IF A$ = "Y" OR A$ = "y" THEN GOTO 30
130 PRINT "Goodbye "; U$
140 END
[edit] Structured BASIC
Second generation BASICs (for example QuickBASIC and PowerBASIC) introduced a number of features into the language, primarily related to structured and procedure-oriented programming. Usually, line numbering is omitted from the language and replaced with labels (for GOTO) and procedures to encourage easier and more flexible design.[10]
INPUT "What is your name: ", UserName$
PRINT "Hello "; UserName$
DO
INPUT "How many stars do you want: ", NumStars
Stars$ = STRING$(NumStars, "*")
PRINT Stars$
DO
INPUT "Do you want more stars? ", Answer$
LOOP UNTIL Answer$ <> ""
Answer$ = LEFT$(Answer$, 1)
LOOP WHILE UCASE$(Answer$) = "Y"
PRINT "Goodbye "; UserName$
[edit] BASIC with object-oriented features
Third generation BASIC dialects such as Visual Basic, REALbasic, StarOffice Basic and BlitzMax introduced features to support object-oriented and event-driven programming paradigm. Most built-in procedures and functions now represented as methods of standard objects rather than operators.
The following example is in Visual Basic .NET:
Public Class StarsProgram
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim UserName, Answer, stars As String, NumStars As Integer
Console.Write("What is your name: ")
UserName = Console.ReadLine()
Console.WriteLine("Hello {0}", UserName)
Do
Console.Write("How many stars do you want: ")
NumStars = CInt(Console.ReadLine())
stars = New String("*", NumStars)
Console.WriteLine(stars)
Do
Console.Write("Do you want more stars? ")
Answer = Console.ReadLine()
Loop Until Answer <> ""
Answer = Answer.Substring(0, 1)
Loop While Answer.ToUpper() = "Y"
Console.WriteLine("Goodbye {0}", UserName)
End Sub
End Class
[edit] List of BASIC programming commands/statements
1. Let Command - used to assign value/content to the variable.
2. Input Statement - is a conversational statement wherein the computer ask the user the value of the variable. Types of Input Statement
a. Ordinary Input
b. Prompted Input - (String Variable Name is used)
3. If ... Then Statement - is used in comparison or decision making.
4. Tab Function - allows the computer user to have complete control on the position where the next character will be shown on the screen or printed on paper. Argument - represents the position where printing will be made.
5. GOSUB Command - is used to avoid repetitive typing of the same set of instructions in the program.
6. REM (Remarks) - is used to assign/give title to the program and to help identify the purpose of a given section of code.
7. ON ... GOTO Command - allows the program to choose from a list of line numbers where to go depending on certain conditions. It is the variation of If ... Then Statement and GOTO Command.
[edit] See also
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of
Programming:BASIC
List of BASIC dialects
List of BASIC dialects by platform
[edit] Notes
^ The acronym is tied to the name of an unpublished paper by Thomas Kurtz and is not a backronym, as is sometimes suggested in older versions of The Jargon File
^ Mono brings Visual Basic programs to Linux,By Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, Feb. 19, 2007, Linux-Watch
^ Thomas E. Kurtz - History of Programming Languages
^ In a 1968 letter, Dutch computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra considered programming languages using GOTO statements for program structuring purposes harmful for the productivity of the programmer as well as the quality of the resulting code ("Go To Statement Considered Harmful", Communications of the ACM Volume 11, 147-148. 1968). The letter, which contributed the phrase considered harmful to programming jargon, did not mention any particular programming language; instead it states that the overuse of GOTO is damaging and gives technical reasons why this should be so. In a 1975 tongue-in-cheek article, "How do We Tell Truths that Might Hurt", Sigplan Notices Volume 17 No. 5, Dijkstra gives a list of uncomfortable "truths", including his opinion of several programming languages of the time. Although BASIC is one of his targets ("It is practically impossible to teach good programming to students that have had a prior exposure to BASIC: as potential programmers they are mentally mutilated beyond hope of regeneration"), it receives no worse treatment in the piece than PL/I, COBOL or APL.
^ "Most Important Companies". Byte Magazine. September 1995. http://www.byte.com/art/9509/sec7/art15.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
^ Table of Contents: BASIC Computer Games
^ Table of Contents: More BASIC Computer Games
^ Table of Contents: Big Computer Games
^ Why Johnny Can't Code, By David Brin, Sept. 14, 2006, Salon Technology
^ "Differences Between GW-BASIC and QBasic". 2003-05-12. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/73084. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
[edit] References
(PDF) A Manual for BASIC, the elementary algebraic language designed for use with the Dartmouth Time Sharing System. Dartmouth College Computation Center. 1964. http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_Oct64.pdf. —The original Dartmouth BASIC manual.
Lien, David A. (1986). The Basic Handbook: Encyclopedia of the BASIC Computer Language (3rd ed. ed.). Compusoft Publishing. ISBN 0-932760-33-3. —Documents dialect variations for over 250 versions of BASIC.
Kemeny, John G.; Kurtz, Thomas E. (1985). Back To BASIC: The History, Corruption, and Future of the Language. Addison-Wesley. pp. 141 pp. ISBN 0-201-13433-0.
Sammet, Jean E. (1969). Programming languages: History and fundamentals. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages. BASIC - Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. Murdoch University.
[edit] Standards
ANSI/ISO/IEC Standard for Minimal BASIC:
ANSI X3.60-1978 "FOR MINIMAL BASIC"
ISO/IEC 6373:1984 "DATA PROCESSING - PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES - MINIMAL BASIC"
ANSI/ISO/IEC Standard for Full BASIC:
ANSI X3.113-1987 "PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FULL BASIC"
INCITS/ISO/IEC 10279-1991 (R2005) "Information Technology - Programming Languages - Full BASIC"
ANSI/ISO/IEC Addendum Defining Modules:
ANSI X3.113 INTERPRETATIONS-1992 "BASIC TECHNICAL INFORMATION BULLETIN # 1 INTERPRETATIONS OF ANSI 03.113-1987"
ISO/IEC 10279:1991/ Amd 1:1994 "MODULES AND SINGLE CHARACTER INPUT ENHANCEMENT"
ECMA-116 BASIC (withdrawn, similar to ANSI X3.113-1987)
Contents[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early years: the mainframe and mini-computer era
1.2 Explosive growth: the home computer era
1.3 Maturity: the personal computer era
2 Examples
2.1 Unstructured BASIC
2.2 Structured BASIC
2.3 BASIC with object-oriented features
3 List of BASIC programming commands/statements
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
6.1 Standards
7 External links
//
[edit] History
Before the mid-1960s, computers were extremely expensive and used only for special-purpose tasks. A simple batch processing arrangement ran only a single "job" at a time, one after another. But during the 1960s faster and more affordable computers became available. With this extra processing power, computers would sometimes sit idle, without jobs to run.
Programming languages in the batch programming era tended to be designed, like the machines on which they ran, for specific purposes (such as scientific formula calculations or business data processing or eventually for text editing). Since even the newer, less expensive machines were still major investments, there was a strong tendency to consider efficiency to be the most important feature of a language. In general, these specialized languages were difficult to use and had widely disparate syntax.
As prices decreased, the possibility of sharing computer access began to move from research labs to commercial use. Newer computer systems supported time-sharing, a system which allows multiple users or processes to use the RAM and memory. In such a system the operating system alternates between running processes, giving each one running time on the RAM before switching to another. The machines had become fast enough that most users could feel they had the machine all to themselves. In theory, timesharing reduced the cost of computing tremendously, as a single machine could be shared among hundreds of users.
[edit] Early years: the mainframe and mini-computer era
The original BASIC language was designed in 1963 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz[3] and implemented by a team of Dartmouth students under their direction. BASIC was designed to allow students to write programs for the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System. It was intended to address the complexity issues of older languages with a new language design specifically for the new class of users that time-sharing systems allowed—that is, a less technical user who did not have the mathematical background of the more traditional users and was not interested in acquiring it. Being able to use a computer to support teaching and research was quite novel at the time. In the following years, as other dialects of BASIC appeared, Kemeny and Kurtz's original BASIC dialect became known as Dartmouth BASIC.
The eight design principles of BASIC were:
Be easy for beginners to use.
Be a general-purpose programming language.
Allow advanced features to be added for experts (while keeping the language simple for beginners).
Be interactive.
Provide clear and friendly error messages.
Respond quickly for small programs.
Not to require an understanding of computer hardware.
Shield the user from the operating system.
The language was based partly on FORTRAN II and partly on ALGOL 60, with additions to make it suitable for timesharing. (The features of other time-sharing systems such as JOSS and CORC, and to a lesser extent LISP, were also considered.) It had been preceded by other teaching-language experiments at Dartmouth such as the DARSIMCO (1956) and DOPE (1962 implementations of SAP and DART (1963) which was a simplified FORTRAN II). Initially, BASIC concentrated on supporting straightforward mathematical work, with matrix arithmetic support from its initial implementation as a batch language and full string functionality being added by 1965. BASIC was first implemented on the GE-265 mainframe which supported multiple terminals. At the time of its introduction, it was a compiled language. It was also quite efficient, beating FORTRAN II and ALGOL 60 implementations on the 265 at several fairly computationally intensive (at the time) programming problems such as numerical integration by Simpson's Rule.
The designers of the language decided to make the compiler available free of charge so that the language would become widespread. They also made it available to high schools in the Dartmouth area and put a considerable amount of effort into promoting the language. As a result, knowledge of BASIC became relatively widespread (for a computer language) and BASIC was implemented by a number of manufacturers, becoming fairly popular on newer minicomputers like the DEC PDP series and the Data General Nova. The BASIC language was also central to the HP Time-Shared BASIC system in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and the Pick operating system. In these instances the language tended to be implemented as an interpreter, instead of (or in addition to) a compiler.
Several years after its release, highly respected computer professionals, notably Edsger W. Dijkstra, expressed their opinions that the use of GOTO statements, which existed in many languages including BASIC, promoted poor programming practices.[4] Some have also derided BASIC as too slow (most interpreted versions are slower than equivalent compiled versions) or too simple (many versions, especially for small computers, left out important features and capabilities).
[edit] Explosive growth: the home computer era
MSX BASIC version 3.0
Notwithstanding the language's use on several minicomputers, it was the introduction of the MITS Altair 8800 "kit" microcomputer in 1975 that provided BASIC a path to universality. Most programming languages required suitable text editors, large amounts of memory and available disk space, whereas the early microcomputers had no resident editors, limited memory and often substituted recordable audio tapes for disk space. All these issues allowed a language like BASIC, in its interpreted form with a built-in code editor, to operate within those constraints.
BASIC also had the advantage that it was fairly well-known to the young designers and computer hobbyists who took an interest in microcomputers, and generally worked in the electronics industries of the day. Kemeny and Kurtz's earlier proselytizing paid off in this respect and the few hobbyists' journals of the era were filled with columns that made mentions of the language or focused entirely on one version compared to others.
One of the first to appear for the 8080 machines like the Altair was Tiny BASIC, a simple BASIC implementation originally written by Dr. Li-Chen Wang, and then ported onto the Altair by Dennis Allison at the request of Bob Albrecht (who later founded Dr. Dobb's Journal). The Tiny BASIC design and the full source code were published in 1976 in DDJ.
In 1975, MITS released Altair BASIC, developed by college drop-outs Bill Gates and Paul Allen as the company Micro-Soft, which grew into today's corporate giant, Microsoft. The first Altair version was co-written by Gates, Allen, and Monte Davidoff in a burst of enthusiasm and neglect of studies. Versions of Microsoft BASIC (also known then, and most widely as M BASIC or MBASIC) was soon bundled with the original floppy disk-based CP/M computers, which became widespread in small business environments. As the popularity of BASIC on CP/M spread, newer computer designs also introduced their own version of the language, or had Micro-Soft port its version to their platform.
When three major new computers were introduced in what Byte Magazine would later call the "1977 Trinity",[5] all three had BASIC as their primary programming language and operating environment. The Commodore PET licensed a version of Micro-Soft BASIC that was ported to the MOS 6502, while Apple II and TRS-80 both introduced new, largely similar versions of the language. As new companies entered the field, additional versions were added that subtly changed the BASIC family. The Atari 8-bit family had their own Atari BASIC that was modified in order to fit on an 8 kB ROM cartridge. The BBC published BBC BASIC, developed for them by Acorn Computers Ltd, incorporating many extra structuring keywords. Most of the home computers of the 1980s had a ROM-resident BASIC interpreter, allowing the machines to boot directly into BASIC. Because of this legacy, there are more dialects of BASIC than there are of any other programming language.
As BASIC grew in this period, many magazines such as Creative Computing Magazine published complete source code in BASIC for games, utilities, and other programs. Given BASIC's straightforward nature, it was simple matter to type in the code from the magazine and execute the program. Different magazines were published featuring programs for specific computers, though some BASIC programs were universal and could be used in machines running any variant of BASIC . A logical extension of the magazine idea was the publishing of BASIC source code in full-fledged books: probably the classic example was David Ahl's series of Basic Computer Games.[6][7][8]
[edit] Maturity: the personal computer era
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (January 2010)
IBM Cassette BASIC 1.10
IBM Disk BASIC 1.10
IBM BASICA 1.10
GW-BASIC 3.23
As early as 1979 Microsoft was in negotiations with IBM to supply their IBM PCs with an IBM Cassette BASIC (BASIC C) inside BIOS. Microsoft sold several versions of BASIC for MS-DOS/PC-DOS including IBM Disk BASIC (BASIC D), IBM BASICA (BASIC A), GW-BASIC (a BASICA-compatible version that did not need IBM's ROM) and QuickBASIC. Turbo Pascal-publisher Borland published Turbo BASIC 1.0 in 1985 (successor versions are still being marketed by the original author under the name PowerBASIC). Microsoft wrote the windowing based AmigaBASIC that was supplied with version 1.1 of the pre-emptive multitasking GUI Amiga computers (late 1985/ early 1986), although the product unusually did not bear any Microsoft marks.
These languages introduced many extensions to the original home computer BASIC, such as improved string manipulation and graphics support, access to the file system and additional data types. More important were the facilities for structured programming, including additional control structures and proper subroutines supporting local variables.
However, by the latter half of the 1980s newer computers were far more capable with more resources. At the same time, computers had progressed from a hobbyist interest to tools used primarily for applications written by others, and programming became less important for most users. BASIC started to recede in importance, though numerous versions remained available. Compiled BASIC or CBASIC is still used in many IBM 4690 OS point of sale systems.
BASIC's fortunes reversed once again with the introduction of Visual Basic by Microsoft. It is somewhat difficult to consider this language to be BASIC, because of the major shift in its orientation towards an object-oriented and event-driven perspective. The only significant similarity to older BASIC dialects was familiar syntax. Syntax itself no longer "fully defined" the language, since much development was done using "drag and drop" methods without exposing all code for commonly used objects such as buttons and scrollbars to the developer. While this could be considered an evolution of the language, few of the distinctive features of early Dartmouth BASIC, such as line numbers and the INPUT keyword, remain (although Visual Basic still uses INPUT to read data from files, and INPUTBOX is available for direct user input; line numbers can also optionally be used in all VB versions, even VB.NET, albeit they cannot be used in certain places, for instance before SUB).
Ironically given the origin of BASIC as a "beginner's" language, and apparently even to the surprise of many at Microsoft who still initially marketed Visual Basic or "VB" as a language for hobbyists, the language had come into widespread use for small custom business applications shortly after the release of VB version 3.0, which is widely considered the first relatively stable version. While many advanced programmers still scoffed at its use, VB met the needs of small businesses efficiently wherever processing speed was less of a concern than easy development. By that time, computers running Windows 3.1 had become fast enough that many business-related processes could be completed "in the blink of an eye" even using a "slow" language, as long as massive amounts of data were not involved. Many small business owners found they could create their own small yet useful applications in a few evenings to meet their own specialized needs. Eventually, during the lengthy lifetime of VB3, knowledge of Visual Basic had become a marketable job skill.
Three modern Basic variants: Mono Basic, OpenOffice.org Basic and Gambas
Many BASIC dialects have also sprung up in the last few years, including Bywater BASIC and True BASIC (the direct successor to Dartmouth BASIC from a company controlled by Kurtz). One notable variant is RealBasic which although first released in 1998 for Macintosh computers, has since 2005 fully compiled programs for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and 32-bit x86 Linux, from the same object-oriented source code. RealBasic compiled programs may execute natively on these platforms as services, consoles or windowed applications. However in keeping with BASIC tradition, single-platform hobbyist versions are also still maintained. Many other BASIC variants and adaptations have been written by hobbyists, equipment developers, and others, as it is a relatively simple language to develop translators for. An example of an open source interpreter, written in C, is MiniBasic. More complex examples of free software BASIC implementations (development tools and compilers) includes Gambas and FreeBASIC.
The ubiquity of BASIC interpreters on personal computers was such that textbooks once included simple "Try It In BASIC" exercises that encouraged students to experiment with mathematical and computational concepts on classroom or home computers. Futurist and sci-fi writer David Brin mourned the loss of ubiquitous BASIC in a 2006 Salon article.[9]
[edit] Examples
This section does not cite any references or sources.Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)
[edit] Unstructured BASIC
New BASIC programmers on a home computer might start with a simple program similar to the Hello world program made famous by Kernighan and Ritchie. This generally involves simple use of the language's PRINT statement to display the message (such as the programmer's name) to the screen. Often an infinite loop was used to fill the display with the message. Most first generation BASIC languages such as MSX BASIC and GW-BASIC supported simple data types, loop cycles and arrays. The following example is written for GW-BASIC, but will work in most versions of BASIC with minimal changes:
10 INPUT "What is your name: ", U$
20 PRINT "Hello "; U$
30 INPUT "How many stars do you want: ", N
40 S$ = ""
50 FOR I = 1 TO N
60 S$ = S$ + "*"
70 NEXT I
80 PRINT S$
90 INPUT "Do you want more stars? ", A$
100 IF LEN(A$) = 0 THEN GOTO 90
110 A$ = LEFT$(A$, 1)
120 IF A$ = "Y" OR A$ = "y" THEN GOTO 30
130 PRINT "Goodbye "; U$
140 END
[edit] Structured BASIC
Second generation BASICs (for example QuickBASIC and PowerBASIC) introduced a number of features into the language, primarily related to structured and procedure-oriented programming. Usually, line numbering is omitted from the language and replaced with labels (for GOTO) and procedures to encourage easier and more flexible design.[10]
INPUT "What is your name: ", UserName$
PRINT "Hello "; UserName$
DO
INPUT "How many stars do you want: ", NumStars
Stars$ = STRING$(NumStars, "*")
PRINT Stars$
DO
INPUT "Do you want more stars? ", Answer$
LOOP UNTIL Answer$ <> ""
Answer$ = LEFT$(Answer$, 1)
LOOP WHILE UCASE$(Answer$) = "Y"
PRINT "Goodbye "; UserName$
[edit] BASIC with object-oriented features
Third generation BASIC dialects such as Visual Basic, REALbasic, StarOffice Basic and BlitzMax introduced features to support object-oriented and event-driven programming paradigm. Most built-in procedures and functions now represented as methods of standard objects rather than operators.
The following example is in Visual Basic .NET:
Public Class StarsProgram
Public Shared Sub Main()
Dim UserName, Answer, stars As String, NumStars As Integer
Console.Write("What is your name: ")
UserName = Console.ReadLine()
Console.WriteLine("Hello {0}", UserName)
Do
Console.Write("How many stars do you want: ")
NumStars = CInt(Console.ReadLine())
stars = New String("*", NumStars)
Console.WriteLine(stars)
Do
Console.Write("Do you want more stars? ")
Answer = Console.ReadLine()
Loop Until Answer <> ""
Answer = Answer.Substring(0, 1)
Loop While Answer.ToUpper() = "Y"
Console.WriteLine("Goodbye {0}", UserName)
End Sub
End Class
[edit] List of BASIC programming commands/statements
1. Let Command - used to assign value/content to the variable.
2. Input Statement - is a conversational statement wherein the computer ask the user the value of the variable. Types of Input Statement
a. Ordinary Input
b. Prompted Input - (String Variable Name is used)
3. If ... Then Statement - is used in comparison or decision making.
4. Tab Function - allows the computer user to have complete control on the position where the next character will be shown on the screen or printed on paper. Argument - represents the position where printing will be made.
5. GOSUB Command - is used to avoid repetitive typing of the same set of instructions in the program.
6. REM (Remarks) - is used to assign/give title to the program and to help identify the purpose of a given section of code.
7. ON ... GOTO Command - allows the program to choose from a list of line numbers where to go depending on certain conditions. It is the variation of If ... Then Statement and GOTO Command.
[edit] See also
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of
Programming:BASIC
List of BASIC dialects
List of BASIC dialects by platform
[edit] Notes
^ The acronym is tied to the name of an unpublished paper by Thomas Kurtz and is not a backronym, as is sometimes suggested in older versions of The Jargon File
^ Mono brings Visual Basic programs to Linux,By Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, Feb. 19, 2007, Linux-Watch
^ Thomas E. Kurtz - History of Programming Languages
^ In a 1968 letter, Dutch computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra considered programming languages using GOTO statements for program structuring purposes harmful for the productivity of the programmer as well as the quality of the resulting code ("Go To Statement Considered Harmful", Communications of the ACM Volume 11, 147-148. 1968). The letter, which contributed the phrase considered harmful to programming jargon, did not mention any particular programming language; instead it states that the overuse of GOTO is damaging and gives technical reasons why this should be so. In a 1975 tongue-in-cheek article, "How do We Tell Truths that Might Hurt", Sigplan Notices Volume 17 No. 5, Dijkstra gives a list of uncomfortable "truths", including his opinion of several programming languages of the time. Although BASIC is one of his targets ("It is practically impossible to teach good programming to students that have had a prior exposure to BASIC: as potential programmers they are mentally mutilated beyond hope of regeneration"), it receives no worse treatment in the piece than PL/I, COBOL or APL.
^ "Most Important Companies". Byte Magazine. September 1995. http://www.byte.com/art/9509/sec7/art15.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
^ Table of Contents: BASIC Computer Games
^ Table of Contents: More BASIC Computer Games
^ Table of Contents: Big Computer Games
^ Why Johnny Can't Code, By David Brin, Sept. 14, 2006, Salon Technology
^ "Differences Between GW-BASIC and QBasic". 2003-05-12. http://support.microsoft.com/kb/73084. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
[edit] References
(PDF) A Manual for BASIC, the elementary algebraic language designed for use with the Dartmouth Time Sharing System. Dartmouth College Computation Center. 1964. http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_Oct64.pdf. —The original Dartmouth BASIC manual.
Lien, David A. (1986). The Basic Handbook: Encyclopedia of the BASIC Computer Language (3rd ed. ed.). Compusoft Publishing. ISBN 0-932760-33-3. —Documents dialect variations for over 250 versions of BASIC.
Kemeny, John G.; Kurtz, Thomas E. (1985). Back To BASIC: The History, Corruption, and Future of the Language. Addison-Wesley. pp. 141 pp. ISBN 0-201-13433-0.
Sammet, Jean E. (1969). Programming languages: History and fundamentals. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages. BASIC - Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. Murdoch University.
[edit] Standards
ANSI/ISO/IEC Standard for Minimal BASIC:
ANSI X3.60-1978 "FOR MINIMAL BASIC"
ISO/IEC 6373:1984 "DATA PROCESSING - PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES - MINIMAL BASIC"
ANSI/ISO/IEC Standard for Full BASIC:
ANSI X3.113-1987 "PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FULL BASIC"
INCITS/ISO/IEC 10279-1991 (R2005) "Information Technology - Programming Languages - Full BASIC"
ANSI/ISO/IEC Addendum Defining Modules:
ANSI X3.113 INTERPRETATIONS-1992 "BASIC TECHNICAL INFORMATION BULLETIN # 1 INTERPRETATIONS OF ANSI 03.113-1987"
ISO/IEC 10279:1991/ Amd 1:1994 "MODULES AND SINGLE CHARACTER INPUT ENHANCEMENT"
ECMA-116 BASIC (withdrawn, similar to ANSI X3.113-1987)
Learn Java from Here
| 1. Language | ||
| 1. 1. Introduction( 17 ) | 1. 9. Variables( 6 ) | |
| 1. 2. Java Keywords( 1 ) | 1. 10. Variable Scope( 2 ) | |
| 1. 3. Jar( 4 ) | 1. 11. Annotations Create( 4 ) | |
| 1. 4. Comments( 3 ) | 1. 12. Annotations Reflection( 4 ) | |
| 1. 5. Javadoc( 1 ) | 1. 13. Annotations Types( 9 ) | |
| 1. 6. Constant( 2 ) | 1. 14. Standard Annotations( 14 ) | |
| 1. 7. Main( 4 ) | 1. 15. transient( 1 ) | |
| 1. 8. Garbage Collection( 3 ) | ||
| 2. Data Type | ||
| 2. 1. Data Type Introduction( 11 ) | 2. 25. Extracting String Characters( 8 ) | |
| 2. 2. Boolean( 24 ) | 2. 26. Quote( 1 ) | |
| 2. 3. Integer Data Type( 12 ) | 2. 27. String vs Byte Array( 11 ) | |
| 2. 4. Byte( 18 ) | 2. 28. String vs Char Array( 19 ) | |
| 2. 5. Short( 13 ) | 2. 29. String Find Search( 21 ) | |
| 2. 6. Integer( 43 ) | 2. 30. String Format( 38 ) | |
| 2. 7. Character Data Type( 42 ) | 2. 31. String Match( 20 ) | |
| 2. 8. Long( 20 ) | 2. 32. String Split( 11 ) | |
| 2. 9. Hex Oct( 24 ) | 2. 33. String Join( 11 ) | |
| 2. 10. Float Point Data Type( 5 ) | 2. 34. Substring( 15 ) | |
| 2. 11. Float( 24 ) | 2. 35. Escape Sequences( 6 ) | |
| 2. 12. Double( 23 ) | 2. 36. Convert from String( 13 ) | |
| 2. 13. Number( 5 ) | 2. 37. Convert to String( 16 ) | |
| 2. 14. Number Format( 14 ) | 2. 38. Date( 15 ) | |
| 2. 15. Cast( 2 ) | 2. 39. Calendar( 23 ) | |
| 2. 16. Data Type Conversion( 13 ) | 2. 40. Gregorian Calendar( 18 ) | |
| 2. 17. Wrapper Classes( 6 ) | 2. 41. Date Format( 43 ) | |
| 2. 18. Autobox Unbox( 13 ) | 2. 42. Date Calculation( 54 ) | |
| 2. 19. String( 22 ) | 2. 43. enum( 10 ) | |
| 2. 20. String Start End( 6 ) | 2. 44. enum methods( 9 ) | |
| 2. 21. String Replace( 18 ) | 2. 45. BigInteger( 43 ) | |
| 2. 22. String Concatenation( 9 ) | 2. 46. BigDecimal( 13 ) | |
| 2. 23. String Compare( 12 ) | 2. 47. Decimal( 20 ) | |
| 2. 24. String Tokenize( 3 ) | ||
| 3. Operators | ||
| 3. 1. Operators( 5 ) | 3. 6. Relational Operators( 2 ) | |
| 3. 2. Assignment Operators( 1 ) | 3. 7. Logical Operators( 10 ) | |
| 3. 3. Increment Decrement Operators( 5 ) | 3. 8. Ternary Operator( 1 ) | |
| 3. 4. Arithmetic Operators( 6 ) | 3. 9. Comma Operator( 1 ) | |
| 3. 5. Bitwise Operators( 23 ) | 3. 10. instanceof( 4 ) | |
| 4. Statement Control | ||
| 4. 1. Statement( 8 ) | 4. 8. Break Statement( 5 ) | |
| 4. 2. If Statement( 9 ) | 4. 9. Continue Statement( 4 ) | |
| 4. 3. Switch Statement( 6 ) | 4. 10. try catch( 6 ) | |
| 4. 4. While Loop( 4 ) | 4. 11. throw( 2 ) | |
| 4. 5. Do While Loop( 2 ) | 4. 12. finally( 1 ) | |
| 4. 6. For Loop( 14 ) | 4. 13. throws signature( 1 ) | |
| 4. 7. For Each Loop( 8 ) | ||
| 5. Class Definition | ||
| 5. 1. Defining Class( 10 ) | 5. 19. equals( 4 ) | |
| 5. 2. Constructor( 7 ) | 5. 20. New( 2 ) | |
| 5. 3. Defining Method( 3 ) | 5. 21. null( 1 ) | |
| 5. 4. Class Fields( 4 ) | 5. 22. Inheritance( 16 ) | |
| 5. 5. Method Overloading( 8 ) | 5. 23. super( 1 ) | |
| 5. 6. Method Override( 1 ) | 5. 24. Polymorphism( 6 ) | |
| 5. 7. Method Parameters( 4 ) | 5. 25. Access Control( 15 ) | |
| 5. 8. Method Return( 1 ) | 5. 26. Final Class( 2 ) | |
| 5. 9. Varargs( 8 ) | 5. 27. final( 12 ) | |
| 5. 10. Recursive Method( 6 ) | 5. 28. Abstract Class( 3 ) | |
| 5. 11. Initialization Block( 10 ) | 5. 29. Interface( 11 ) | |
| 5. 12. static Member( 11 ) | 5. 30. import( 4 ) | |
| 5. 13. This( 1 ) | 5. 31. Static Import( 3 ) | |
| 5. 14. Nested Classes( 18 ) | 5. 32. toString( 6 ) | |
| 5. 15. Anonymous inner class( 16 ) | 5. 33. finalize( 1 ) | |
| 5. 16. Declare Object( 4 ) | 5. 34. hashCode( 9 ) | |
| 5. 17. Class Object( 7 ) | 5. 35. URLClassLoader( 2 ) | |
| 5. 18. Clone( 18 ) | ||
| 6. Development | ||
| 6. 1. System Class( 18 ) | 6. 32. Regular Expressions( 11 ) | |
| 6. 2. System Properties( 26 ) | 6. 33. Matcher( 3 ) | |
| 6. 3. Console Read( 5 ) | 6. 34. Pattern( 6 ) | |
| 6. 4. Formatter( 4 ) | 6. 35. Pack200( 1 ) | |
| 6. 5. Formatter Specifiers( 13 ) | 6. 36. Preference( 24 ) | |
| 6. 6. Formatter Flags( 12 ) | 6. 37. Random( 15 ) | |
| 6. 7. Formatter Field Width( 6 ) | 6. 38. Special Directories( 4 ) | |
| 6. 8. RuntimeMXBean( 5 ) | 6. 39. Desktop( 8 ) | |
| 6. 9. Formatting Date Time( 13 ) | 6. 40. Java Console( 4 ) | |
| 6. 10. Formatter Uppercase Option( 3 ) | 6. 41. Compiler Diagnostic( 6 ) | |
| 6. 11. Formatter Argument Index( 4 ) | 6. 42. Script Engines( 28 ) | |
| 6. 12. SimpleDateFormat( 59 ) | 6. 43. Activation Framework( 3 ) | |
| 6. 13. DateFormat( 18 ) | 6. 44. Clipboard( 12 ) | |
| 6. 14. printf Method( 75 ) | 6. 45. Console( 5 ) | |
| 6. 15. StringBuffer StringBuilder( 29 ) | 6. 46. Java Compiler( 7 ) | |
| 6. 16. Unicode( 25 ) | 6. 47. Runtime System( 20 ) | |
| 6. 17. Math Functions( 37 ) | 6. 48. ScriptEngines( 8 ) | |
| 6. 18. Timer( 12 ) | 6. 49. WAV Sound( 2 ) | |
| 6. 19. TimeUnit( 2 ) | 6. 50. Audio( 15 ) | |
| 6. 20. Timing( 10 ) | 6. 51. MIDI Sound( 8 ) | |
| 6. 21. TimeZone( 15 ) | 6. 52. JNI( 3 ) | |
| 6. 22. Documentation( 1 ) | 6. 53. CommPortIdentifier( 4 ) | |
| 6. 23. Exception( 28 ) | 6. 54. UUID( 11 ) | |
| 6. 24. Assertions( 9 ) | 6. 55. Robot( 9 ) | |
| 6. 25. Toolkit( 3 ) | 6. 56. JavaBeans( 36 ) | |
| 6. 26. ProcessBuilder( 2 ) | 6. 57. Base64( 3 ) | |
| 6. 27. Process( 4 ) | 6. 58. Cache( 1 ) | |
| 6. 28. Applet( 16 ) | 6. 59. Debug( 10 ) | |
| 6. 29. JNLP( 2 ) | 6. 60. JDK( 2 ) | |
| 6. 30. CRC32( 1 ) | 6. 61. OS( 5 ) | |
| 6. 31. HTML Parser( 16 ) | 6. 62. Stop Watch( 5 ) | |
| 7. Reflection | ||
| 7. 1. Class( 19 ) | 7. 10. Generic( 1 ) | |
| 7. 2. Interface( 11 ) | 7. 11. ClassPath( 5 ) | |
| 7. 3. Constructor( 14 ) | 7. 12. Modifier( 16 ) | |
| 7. 4. Field( 14 ) | 7. 13. Super Class( 6 ) | |
| 7. 5. Method( 28 ) | 7. 14. Name( 11 ) | |
| 7. 6. Package( 13 ) | 7. 15. PhantomReference( 2 ) | |
| 7. 7. Class Loader( 20 ) | 7. 16. SoftReference( 2 ) | |
| 7. 8. Annotation( 4 ) | 7. 17. WeakReference( 2 ) | |
| 7. 9. Array( 12 ) | 7. 18. Proxy( 1 ) | |
| 8. Regular Expressions | ||
| 8. 1. Introduction( 18 ) | 8. 6. Pattern Match( 7 ) | |
| 8. 2. Greedy( 2 ) | 8. 7. Pattern Split( 1 ) | |
| 8. 3. Group( 4 ) | 8. 8. Split( 1 ) | |
| 8. 4. Matcher( 16 ) | 8. 9. Text Replace( 1 ) | |
| 8. 5. Pattern( 13 ) | 8. 10. Validation( 8 ) | |
| 9. Collections | ||
| 9. 1. Collections Framework( 7 ) | 9. 29. TreeMap( 17 ) | |
| 9. 2. Collections( 22 ) | 9. 30. NavigableMap( 10 ) | |
| 9. 3. Array Basics( 18 ) | 9. 31. WeakHashMap( 6 ) | |
| 9. 4. Multidimensional Arrays( 8 ) | 9. 32. IdentityHashMap( 1 ) | |
| 9. 5. Array Copy Clone( 7 ) | 9. 33. Customized Map( 22 ) | |
| 9. 6. Array Objects( 11 ) | 9. 34. Properties( 33 ) | |
| 9. 7. Array Reflection Utilities( 17 ) | 9. 35. Enumeration Interface( 14 ) | |
| 9. 8. Array Sort Search( 19 ) | 9. 36. Iterable Interface( 4 ) | |
| 9. 9. Arrays Utilities( 38 ) | 9. 37. Iterator( 29 ) | |
| 9. 10. Auto Grow Array( 13 ) | 9. 38. ListIterator( 9 ) | |
| 9. 11. ArrayList( 38 ) | 9. 39. Comparable Interface( 4 ) | |
| 9. 12. LinkedList( 30 ) | 9. 40. Comparator Interface( 11 ) | |
| 9. 13. Stack( 18 ) | 9. 41. Collections Search( 7 ) | |
| 9. 14. Queue( 8 ) | 9. 42. Collections Sort( 4 ) | |
| 9. 15. PriorityQueue( 1 ) | 9. 43. Finding Extremes( 1 ) | |
| 9. 16. Deque( 2 ) | 9. 44. Wrapped Collections( 1 ) | |
| 9. 17. BlockingDeque( 2 ) | 9. 45. Concurrent Modification( 1 ) | |
| 9. 18. Set( 25 ) | 9. 46. Prebuilt Collections( 2 ) | |
| 9. 19. HashSet( 34 ) | 9. 47. Vector( 60 ) | |
| 9. 20. LinkedHashSet( 5 ) | 9. 48. Hashtable Basics( 29 ) | |
| 9. 21. Abstract Set( 3 ) | 9. 49. BitSet( 6 ) | |
| 9. 22. TreeSet( 24 ) | 9. 50. Your LinkedList( 14 ) | |
| 9. 23. NavigableSet( 8 ) | 9. 51. Your Queue( 3 ) | |
| 9. 24. SortedSet( 1 ) | 9. 52. Your Stack( 4 ) | |
| 9. 25. Map( 16 ) | 9. 53. Sort( 10 ) | |
| 9. 26. HashMap( 33 ) | 9. 54. Search( 2 ) | |
| 9. 27. LinkedHashMap( 11 ) | 9. 55. Collections( 1 ) | |
| 9. 28. Map.Entry( 1 ) | 9. 56. Reference( 3 ) | |
| 10. Thread | ||
| 10. 1. Create Thread( 6 ) | 10. 12. Suspend resume( 2 ) | |
| 10. 2. Thread Properties( 2 ) | 10. 13. Producer and consumer( 5 ) | |
| 10. 3. Thread Priority( 4 ) | 10. 14. Thread Buffer( 1 ) | |
| 10. 4. Thread Stop( 4 ) | 10. 15. ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor( 3 ) | |
| 10. 5. Thread Join( 5 ) | 10. 16. Deadlock( 2 ) | |
| 10. 6. ThreadGroup( 4 ) | 10. 17. Semaphore( 1 ) | |
| 10. 7. Daemon Thread( 5 ) | 10. 18. Sleep Pause( 4 ) | |
| 10. 8. Thread Safe Collections( 1 ) | 10. 19. BlockingQueue( 3 ) | |
| 10. 9. Thread Swing( 1 ) | 10. 20. ThreadLocal( 1 ) | |
| 10. 10. ExecutorService( 1 ) | 10. 21. Wait Notify( 4 ) | |
| 10. 11. synchronized( 12 ) | 10. 22. Thread Pool( 2 ) | |
| 11. File | ||
| 11. 1. Introduction( 4 ) | 11. 41. Buffer( 1 ) | |
| 11. 2. File( 45 ) | 11. 42. ByteBuffer( 31 ) | |
| 11. 3. Path( 29 ) | 11. 43. CharBuffer( 15 ) | |
| 11. 4. Directory( 35 ) | 11. 44. DoubleBuffer( 3 ) | |
| 11. 5. Temporary File( 3 ) | 11. 45. FloatBuffer( 2 ) | |
| 11. 6. Stream( 5 ) | 11. 46. IntBuffer( 5 ) | |
| 11. 7. InputStream( 15 ) | 11. 47. LongBuffer( 3 ) | |
| 11. 8. FileInputStream( 18 ) | 11. 48. ShortBuffer( 2 ) | |
| 11. 9. BufferedInputStream( 8 ) | 11. 49. MappedByteBuffer( 8 ) | |
| 11. 10. InflaterInputStream( 1 ) | 11. 50. ByteOrder( 2 ) | |
| 11. 11. SequenceInputStream( 2 ) | 11. 51. FileChannel( 25 ) | |
| 11. 12. FilterInputStream( 4 ) | 11. 52. WritableByteChannel( 1 ) | |
| 11. 13. OutputStream( 6 ) | 11. 53. Memory File( 1 ) | |
| 11. 14. FileOutputStream( 17 ) | 11. 54. Scanner( 10 ) | |
| 11. 15. InputStreamReader( 5 ) | 11. 55. File Utilities( 15 ) | |
| 11. 16. OutputStreamWriter( 3 ) | 11. 56. FileSystemView( 1 ) | |
| 11. 17. DataInputStream( 19 ) | 11. 57. CharSet( 5 ) | |
| 11. 18. DataOutputStream( 16 ) | 11. 58. Encode Decode( 5 ) | |
| 11. 19. BufferedOutputStream( 7 ) | 11. 59. Zip Unzip( 17 ) | |
| 11. 20. DeflaterOutputStream( 1 ) | 11. 60. ZipOutputStream( 2 ) | |
| 11. 21. FilterOutputStream( 8 ) | 11. 61. ZipInputStream( 4 ) | |
| 11. 22. ObjectInputStream( 4 ) | 11. 62. ZipFile( 15 ) | |
| 11. 23. ObjectOutputStream( 8 ) | 11. 63. JarFile( 24 ) | |
| 11. 24. ByteArrayOutputStream( 2 ) | 11. 64. JarOutputStream( 1 ) | |
| 11. 25. ByteArrayInputStream( 1 ) | 11. 65. GZIPInputStream( 4 ) | |
| 11. 26. PipedInputStream( 1 ) | 11. 66. GZIPOutputStream( 2 ) | |
| 11. 27. PrintStream( 1 ) | 11. 67. DeflaterOutputStream( 1 ) | |
| 11. 28. Encoding( 1 ) | 11. 68. InflaterInputStream( 1 ) | |
| 11. 29. Reader( 11 ) | 11. 69. Checksum( 8 ) | |
| 11. 30. FileReader( 6 ) | 11. 70. IO redirection( 7 ) | |
| 11. 31. BufferedReader( 12 ) | 11. 71. FilenameFilter( 6 ) | |
| 11. 32. Writer( 6 ) | 11. 72. FileFilter( 10 ) | |
| 11. 33. FileWriter( 4 ) | 11. 73. FileLock( 3 ) | |
| 11. 34. PrintWriter( 7 ) | 11. 74. StreamTokenizer( 2 ) | |
| 11. 35. StringReader( 3 ) | 11. 75. CSV( 7 ) | |
| 11. 36. BufferedWriter( 8 ) | 11. 76. File Monitor( 2 ) | |
| 11. 37. LineNumberReader( 3 ) | 11. 77. Byte Array( 19 ) | |
| 11. 38. Object Serialization( 13 ) | 11. 78. Copy( 12 ) | |
| 11. 39. Externalizable( 3 ) | 11. 79. Delete( 11 ) | |
| 11. 40. RandomAccessFile( 9 ) | 11. 80. Text File( 12 ) | |
| 12. Generics | ||
| 12. 1. Generics Basics( 9 ) | 12. 5. Bounded Types( 4 ) | |
| 12. 2. Generic Collections( 14 ) | 12. 6. Generic Class( 6 ) | |
| 12. 3. Generic Method( 6 ) | 12. 7. Generic Class Hierarchies( 6 ) | |
| 12. 4. Generic Parameters( 5 ) | 12. 8. Generic Interfaces( 2 ) | |
| 13. I18N | ||
| 13. 1. Locales( 28 ) | 13. 13. DecimalFormat( 17 ) | |
| 13. 2. Language Codes( 1 ) | 13. 14. NumberFormat( 15 ) | |
| 13. 3. Country Codes( 2 ) | 13. 15. ComponentOrientation( 1 ) | |
| 13. 4. ResourceBundle( 14 ) | 13. 16. Normalizer( 1 ) | |
| 13. 5. ListResourceBundle( 2 ) | 13. 17. InputMethod( 1 ) | |
| 13. 6. Applications( 1 ) | 13. 18. Collator( 5 ) | |
| 13. 7. Internationalized Domain Names( 3 ) | 13. 19. BreakIterator( 6 ) | |
| 13. 8. Internationalized Resource Identifiers( 1 ) | 13. 20. Charset( 7 ) | |
| 13. 9. Calendar( 1 ) | 13. 21. CharacterIterator( 8 ) | |
| 13. 10. ChoiceFormat( 4 ) | 13. 22. Collator( 4 ) | |
| 13. 11. Currency( 6 ) | 13. 23. DateFormatSymbols( 1 ) | |
| 13. 12. Message Format( 18 ) | ||
| 14. Swing | ||
| 14. 1. Swing Introduction( 7 ) | 14. 65. Table Selection( 21 ) | |
| 14. 2. JComponent( 8 ) | 14. 66. JTree( 35 ) | |
| 14. 3. JLabel( 42 ) | 14. 67. JTree Node( 15 ) | |
| 14. 4. AbstractButton( 5 ) | 14. 68. TreeModel( 6 ) | |
| 14. 5. JButton( 27 ) | 14. 69. JTree Editor Renderer( 16 ) | |
| 14. 6. ButtonModel( 3 ) | 14. 70. JTree File( 1 ) | |
| 14. 7. Arrow Button( 1 ) | 14. 71. JTree Selection( 8 ) | |
| 14. 8. JToggleButton( 8 ) | 14. 72. JToolTip( 20 ) | |
| 14. 9. JRadioButton( 11 ) | 14. 73. ToolTipManager( 1 ) | |
| 14. 10. ButtonGroup( 3 ) | 14. 74. JDialog( 14 ) | |
| 14. 11. JCheckBox( 14 ) | 14. 75. Modality( 6 ) | |
| 14. 12. JComboBox( 33 ) | 14. 76. JColorChooser( 21 ) | |
| 14. 13. TrayIcon( 7 ) | 14. 77. JFileChooser( 33 ) | |
| 14. 14. JTextComponent( 41 ) | 14. 78. JWindow( 5 ) | |
| 14. 15. JTextField( 24 ) | 14. 79. Splash Screen( 5 ) | |
| 14. 16. JTextArea( 19 ) | 14. 80. JFrame Window( 31 ) | |
| 14. 17. JPasswordField( 5 ) | 14. 81. JFrame States( 7 ) | |
| 14. 18. JFormattedTextField( 26 ) | 14. 82. Frame( 3 ) | |
| 14. 19. JFromattedField MaskFormatter( 6 ) | 14. 83. Window( 2 ) | |
| 14. 20. DefaultFormatterFactory( 2 ) | 14. 84. JRootPane( 6 ) | |
| 14. 21. JMenu( 12 ) | 14. 85. GlassPane( 2 ) | |
| 14. 22. JMenuBar( 7 ) | 14. 86. BorderLayout( 6 ) | |
| 14. 23. JMenuItem( 13 ) | 14. 87. BoxLayout( 15 ) | |
| 14. 24. JCheckBoxMenuItem( 6 ) | 14. 88. Box( 5 ) | |
| 14. 25. JRadioButtonMenuItem( 2 ) | 14. 89. FlowLayout( 10 ) | |
| 14. 26. JPopupMenu( 9 ) | 14. 90. GridLayout( 7 ) | |
| 14. 27. Custom Menu( 1 ) | 14. 91. OverlayLayout( 3 ) | |
| 14. 28. MenuSelectionManager( 4 ) | 14. 92. SpringLayout( 11 ) | |
| 14. 29. JSeparator( 4 ) | 14. 93. CardLayout( 3 ) | |
| 14. 30. JSlider( 40 ) | 14. 94. GridBagLayout( 18 ) | |
| 14. 31. BoundedRangeModel( 2 ) | 14. 95. GridBagConstraints( 12 ) | |
| 14. 32. JProgressBar( 15 ) | 14. 96. GroupLayout( 1 ) | |
| 14. 33. JSpinner( 30 ) | 14. 97. Custom Layout( 14 ) | |
| 14. 34. Popup( 1 ) | 14. 98. No Layout( 4 ) | |
| 14. 35. JEditorPane( 7 ) | 14. 99. AbstractBorder( 5 ) | |
| 14. 36. Web Browser( 2 ) | 14. 100. LineBorder( 3 ) | |
| 14. 37. HTML Document( 6 ) | 14. 101. TitiledBorder( 10 ) | |
| 14. 38. JTextPane( 41 ) | 14. 102. BevelBorder( 5 ) | |
| 14. 39. SimpleAttributeSet( 5 ) | 14. 103. SoftBevelBorder( 3 ) | |
| 14. 40. JList( 30 ) | 14. 104. CompoundBorder( 3 ) | |
| 14. 41. JList Renderer( 8 ) | 14. 105. EmptyBorder( 4 ) | |
| 14. 42. JList Model( 12 ) | 14. 106. EtchedBorder( 4 ) | |
| 14. 43. JList Selection( 16 ) | 14. 107. MatteBorder( 4 ) | |
| 14. 44. Dual List( 1 ) | 14. 108. Custom Border( 6 ) | |
| 14. 45. JPanel( 8 ) | 14. 109. BorderFactory( 16 ) | |
| 14. 46. JScrollPane( 15 ) | 14. 110. ProgressMonitor( 7 ) | |
| 14. 47. ScrollPaneLayout( 1 ) | 14. 111. ProgressMonitorInputStream( 1 ) | |
| 14. 48. JScrollBar( 5 ) | 14. 112. Drag Drop( 30 ) | |
| 14. 49. JViewport( 2 ) | 14. 113. Redo Undo( 8 ) | |
| 14. 50. JSplitPane( 14 ) | 14. 114. Swing Timer( 9 ) | |
| 14. 51. JTabbedPane( 33 ) | 14. 115. Cursor( 4 ) | |
| 14. 52. JLayeredPane( 4 ) | 14. 116. Icon( 9 ) | |
| 14. 53. JInternalFrame( 9 ) | 14. 117. Image ImageIcon( 3 ) | |
| 14. 54. JDesktopPane( 8 ) | 14. 118. SystemColor( 1 ) | |
| 14. 55. DesktopManager( 1 ) | 14. 119. Look and Feel( 11 ) | |
| 14. 56. JOptionPane Dialog( 44 ) | 14. 120. UI Delegate( 2 ) | |
| 14. 57. JToolBar( 14 ) | 14. 121. UIDefault( 7 ) | |
| 14. 58. JTable( 59 ) | 14. 122. UIManager( 4 ) | |
| 14. 59. JTable Model( 31 ) | 14. 123. Client Property( 3 ) | |
| 14. 60. JTable Renderer Editor( 20 ) | 14. 124. DebugGraphics( 1 ) | |
| 14. 61. JTableHeader( 11 ) | 14. 125. SwingWorker( 4 ) | |
| 14. 62. JTable Column( 31 ) | 14. 126. Accessible( 7 ) | |
| 14. 63. JTable Sort( 9 ) | 14. 127. SwingUtilities( 17 ) | |
| 14. 64. JTable Filter( 4 ) | ||
| 16. 2D Graphics | ||
| 16. 1. Repaint( 1 ) | 16. 28. GIF( 2 ) | |
| 16. 2. Graphics( 8 ) | 16. 29. JPEG( 2 ) | |
| 16. 3. Tranformation( 13 ) | 16. 30. PNG( 1 ) | |
| 16. 4. Pen( 1 ) | 16. 31. GrayFilter( 1 ) | |
| 16. 5. Stroke( 3 ) | 16. 32. ImageIcon( 7 ) | |
| 16. 6. Antialiasing( 5 ) | 16. 33. ImageIO( 26 ) | |
| 16. 7. Buffer Paint( 2 ) | 16. 34. MemoryImageSource( 1 ) | |
| 16. 8. Paint Font( 2 ) | 16. 35. RGBImageFilter( 2 ) | |
| 16. 9. Arc( 7 ) | 16. 36. ImageReader( 1 ) | |
| 16. 10. Color( 20 ) | 16. 37. ImageWriter( 1 ) | |
| 16. 11. Graphic Path( 2 ) | 16. 38. Area( 5 ) | |
| 16. 12. Line( 12 ) | 16. 39. Point( 3 ) | |
| 16. 13. Oval( 2 ) | 16. 40. Clip( 6 ) | |
| 16. 14. Polygon( 2 ) | 16. 41. Rectangle( 16 ) | |
| 16. 15. Curve( 3 ) | 16. 42. Dimension( 1 ) | |
| 16. 16. Ellipse( 4 ) | 16. 43. Mouse Draw( 5 ) | |
| 16. 17. Shape( 16 ) | 16. 44. Screen Capture( 2 ) | |
| 16. 18. Gradient Paint( 10 ) | 16. 45. RenderHints( 9 ) | |
| 16. 19. TexturePaint( 3 ) | 16. 46. AlphaComposite( 12 ) | |
| 16. 20. Draw Text( 26 ) | 16. 47. Full Screen( 4 ) | |
| 16. 21. TextLayout( 8 ) | 16. 48. PrinterJob( 2 ) | |
| 16. 22. LineBreakMeasurer( 2 ) | 16. 49. PrintJob( 14 ) | |
| 16. 23. Font( 13 ) | 16. 50. Print( 13 ) | |
| 16. 24. Font Metrics( 12 ) | 16. 51. Print Service( 10 ) | |
| 16. 25. FontRenderContext( 1 ) | 16. 52. GraphicsEnvironment( 20 ) | |
| 16. 26. Image( 33 ) | 16. 53. Animation( 1 ) | |
| 16. 27. BufferedImage( 33 ) | ||
| 17. SWT | ||
| 17. 1. SWT Basics( 5 ) | 17. 65. ToolItem( 12 ) | |
| 17. 2. Widget( 15 ) | 17. 66. CoolBar( 5 ) | |
| 17. 3. Display( 9 ) | 17. 67. CoolItem( 3 ) | |
| 17. 4. Shell( 26 ) | 17. 68. CTabFolder( 8 ) | |
| 17. 5. Shell Event( 4 ) | 17. 69. CTabItem( 3 ) | |
| 17. 6. WindowManagers( 1 ) | 17. 70. ExpandBar( 2 ) | |
| 17. 7. SWT Color( 2 ) | 17. 71. TabFolder( 3 ) | |
| 17. 8. UI Font( 1 ) | 17. 72. TabItem( 5 ) | |
| 17. 9. Button( 17 ) | 17. 73. ToolTip( 5 ) | |
| 17. 10. Button Event( 2 ) | 17. 74. Tooltip Balloon( 1 ) | |
| 17. 11. Combo( 17 ) | 17. 75. BusyIndicator( 2 ) | |
| 17. 12. Combo Event( 5 ) | 17. 76. Caret( 2 ) | |
| 17. 13. Label( 11 ) | 17. 77. ControlEditor( 2 ) | |
| 17. 14. CLabel( 9 ) | 17. 78. DateTime( 2 ) | |
| 17. 15. Text( 16 ) | 17. 79. Composite( 2 ) | |
| 17. 16. FocusEvent( 2 ) | 17. 80. ScrolledComposite( 8 ) | |
| 17. 17. Clipboard( 2 ) | 17. 81. ScrollBar( 3 ) | |
| 17. 18. Text Event( 11 ) | 17. 82. ScrollBar Event( 1 ) | |
| 17. 19. PasswordField( 1 ) | 17. 83. Sash( 4 ) | |
| 17. 20. Canvas( 5 ) | 17. 84. Sash Event( 1 ) | |
| 17. 21. Link( 2 ) | 17. 85. SashForm( 7 ) | |
| 17. 22. Group( 5 ) | 17. 86. Browser( 16 ) | |
| 17. 23. List( 15 ) | 17. 87. ViewForm( 1 ) | |
| 17. 24. List Event( 2 ) | 17. 88. Splash Screen( 1 ) | |
| 17. 25. Slider( 2 ) | 17. 89. SWT Event( 24 ) | |
| 17. 26. Slider Event( 1 ) | 17. 90. KeyEvent( 1 ) | |
| 17. 27. Scale( 1 ) | 17. 91. MouseEvent( 9 ) | |
| 17. 28. Spinner( 2 ) | 17. 92. TabSequence( 1 ) | |
| 17. 29. Spinner Event( 1 ) | 17. 93. Layout Basics( 6 ) | |
| 17. 30. Menu( 5 ) | 17. 94. FormLayout( 24 ) | |
| 17. 31. MenuEvent( 2 ) | 17. 95. FillLayout( 4 ) | |
| 17. 32. MenuItem( 8 ) | 17. 96. GridLayout( 24 ) | |
| 17. 33. MenuItem Event( 3 ) | 17. 97. GridData( 1 ) | |
| 17. 34. PopupMenu( 6 ) | 17. 98. StackLayout( 4 ) | |
| 17. 35. Tracker( 2 ) | 17. 99. RowLayout( 12 ) | |
| 17. 36. ProgressBar( 5 ) | 17. 100. SWT NO Layout( 1 ) | |
| 17. 37. Separator( 1 ) | 17. 101. Custom Layout( 1 ) | |
| 17. 38. SWT Cursor( 5 ) | 17. 102. CommonDialog( 1 ) | |
| 17. 39. PopupList( 1 ) | 17. 103. ColorDialog( 4 ) | |
| 17. 40. MessageBox( 11 ) | 17. 104. DirectoryDialog( 3 ) | |
| 17. 41. TextLayout( 8 ) | 17. 105. FileDialog( 8 ) | |
| 17. 42. StyledText( 16 ) | 17. 106. FontDialog( 2 ) | |
| 17. 43. StyledText Style( 16 ) | 17. 107. FontData( 1 ) | |
| 17. 44. StyledText Action( 5 ) | 17. 108. FontRegistry( 1 ) | |
| 17. 45. StyledText Event( 15 ) | 17. 109. Dialog( 8 ) | |
| 17. 46. StyledText Format( 4 ) | 17. 110. Print( 8 ) | |
| 17. 47. StyledText LineStyle( 3 ) | 17. 111. PrintDialog( 2 ) | |
| 17. 48. StatusLine( 1 ) | 17. 112. PrinterData( 1 ) | |
| 17. 49. Table( 18 ) | 17. 113. Decorations( 2 ) | |
| 17. 50. TableItem( 11 ) | 17. 114. SWT Drag Drop( 10 ) | |
| 17. 51. TableColumn( 6 ) | 17. 115. JFace Introduction( 2 ) | |
| 17. 52. Table Event( 11 ) | 17. 116. ApplicationWindow( 1 ) | |
| 17. 53. Table Cursor( 4 ) | 17. 117. SWT Thread( 1 ) | |
| 17. 54. Table Editor( 8 ) | 17. 118. SWT AWT Swing( 16 ) | |
| 17. 55. Table Renderer( 4 ) | 17. 119. Device( 3 ) | |
| 17. 56. Table Sort( 2 ) | 17. 120. SWT Image( 28 ) | |
| 17. 57. Tree( 8 ) | 17. 121. ImageRegistry( 1 ) | |
| 17. 58. TreeItem( 1 ) | 17. 122. System Tray( 1 ) | |
| 17. 59. Tree Editor( 7 ) | 17. 123. Program( 6 ) | |
| 17. 60. Tree Event( 8 ) | 17. 124. Screen Capture( 3 ) | |
| 17. 61. TreeColumn TreeTable( 5 ) | 17. 125. SWT Timer( 3 ) | |
| 17. 62. TreeViewer( 4 ) | 17. 126. UI Auto( 2 ) | |
| 17. 63. File Tree( 2 ) | 17. 127. WIN32( 10 ) | |
| 17. 64. ToolBar( 8 ) | ||
| 18. SWT 2D Graphics | ||
| 18. 1. GC( 2 ) | 18. 10. Draw Focus( 1 ) | |
| 18. 2. Color( 2 ) | 18. 11. Polygon( 1 ) | |
| 18. 3. SWT Paint( 4 ) | 18. 12. Path( 2 ) | |
| 18. 4. Draw Point( 1 ) | 18. 13. Font( 5 ) | |
| 18. 5. Line( 6 ) | 18. 14. Draw String( 8 ) | |
| 18. 6. Arc( 1 ) | 18. 15. Transform( 4 ) | |
| 18. 7. Oval( 2 ) | 18. 16. Animation( 2 ) | |
| 18. 8. Sine( 1 ) | 18. 17. Image( 1 ) | |
| 18. 9. Rectangle( 2 ) | 18. 18. PNG GIF( 3 ) | |
| 19. Network | ||
| 19. 1. URI( 18 ) | 19. 16. SSLServerSocket( 4 ) | |
| 19. 2. URL( 34 ) | 19. 17. UDP Client( 8 ) | |
| 19. 3. URLConnection( 8 ) | 19. 18. UDP Server( 3 ) | |
| 19. 4. URLDecoder( 21 ) | 19. 19. DatagramChannel( 2 ) | |
| 19. 5. URLConnection( 12 ) | 19. 20. Web Page( 2 ) | |
| 19. 6. HttpURLConnection( 27 ) | 19. 21. Authenticator( 6 ) | |
| 19. 7. Internet Addresses( 11 ) | 19. 22. MulticastSocket( 5 ) | |
| 19. 8. NetworkInterface( 8 ) | 19. 23. Cookie( 3 ) | |
| 19. 9. Socket( 12 ) | 19. 24. CookieManager( 1 ) | |
| 19. 10. Port( 5 ) | 19. 25. HTTP Server( 5 ) | |
| 19. 11. Buffer Socket( 1 ) | 19. 26. HTML Parser( 10 ) | |
| 19. 12. Socket Client( 12 ) | 19. 27. JarURLConnection( 2 ) | |
| 19. 13. SocketChannel( 7 ) | 19. 28. PasswordAuthentication( 2 ) | |
| 19. 14. ServerSocket( 13 ) | 19. 29. Proxy( 1 ) | |
| 19. 15. ServerSocketChannel( 6 ) | ||
| 20. Database | ||
| 20. 1. JDBC Driver( 6 ) | 20. 21. Binary( 3 ) | |
| 20. 2. Driver( 17 ) | 20. 22. Blob Clob( 9 ) | |
| 20. 3. Connection( 7 ) | 20. 23. Long Text( 2 ) | |
| 20. 4. DataSource( 2 ) | 20. 24. Column( 4 ) | |
| 20. 5. Statement( 14 ) | 20. 25. JDBC Annotation( 2 ) | |
| 20. 6. Query ResultSet( 15 ) | 20. 26. Table( 13 ) | |
| 20. 7. ResultSetMetaData( 6 ) | 20. 27. SQLException Warning( 15 ) | |
| 20. 8. ResultSet Concurrency( 2 ) | 20. 28. Data Truncation( 1 ) | |
| 20. 9. ResultSet Holdability( 2 ) | 20. 29. Database Create Drop( 2 ) | |
| 20. 10. ResultSet Scrollable( 19 ) | 20. 30. DatabaseMetadata( 29 ) | |
| 20. 11. ResultSet Type( 2 ) | 20. 31. Insert Update Delete( 3 ) | |
| 20. 12. ResultSet Updatable( 9 ) | 20. 32. Transation( 13 ) | |
| 20. 13. Preparedstatement( 29 ) | 20. 33. JDBC ODBC( 8 ) | |
| 20. 14. ParameterMetaData( 2 ) | 20. 34. MySQL( 21 ) | |
| 20. 15. Batch Update( 6 ) | 20. 35. Oracle( 17 ) | |
| 20. 16. CallableStatement( 1 ) | 20. 36. Excel( 5 ) | |
| 20. 17. StoredProcedure( 9 ) | 20. 37. Java DB Derby( 19 ) | |
| 20. 18. JDBC Logging( 1 ) | 20. 38. Access( 2 ) | |
| 20. 19. SQL Data Type Java Data Type( 10 ) | 20. 39. SqlServer( 12 ) | |
| 20. 20. Date Time Timestamp( 23 ) | ||
| 21. Hibernate | ||
| 21. 1. Introduction( 2 ) | 21. 13. Criteria( 7 ) | |
| 21. 2. Delete( 1 ) | 21. 14. LogicalExpression( 1 ) | |
| 21. 3. Update( 2 ) | 21. 15. Projections( 8 ) | |
| 21. 4. Save( 5 ) | 21. 16. Query by Example( 3 ) | |
| 21. 5. Find( 1 ) | 21. 17. Query Parameter( 2 ) | |
| 21. 6. Many to Many Mapping( 3 ) | 21. 18. Restrictions( 7 ) | |
| 21. 7. Many to One mapping( 2 ) | 21. 19. Column( 2 ) | |
| 21. 8. Mapping Inheritance( 3 ) | 21. 20. Generated ID( 1 ) | |
| 21. 9. Inner Property Mapping( 2 ) | 21. 21. Primary Key( 4 ) | |
| 21. 10. Cascade Action( 2 ) | 21. 22. Session( 5 ) | |
| 21. 11. HSQL( 14 ) | 21. 23. Transaction( 2 ) | |
| 21. 12. Named Query( 2 ) | 21. 24. Cache( 1 ) | |
| 22. JPA | ||
| 22. 1. Introduction( 7 ) | 22. 19. Primary Key( 9 ) | |
| 22. 2. Persist( 1 ) | 22. 20. Enum( 3 ) | |
| 22. 3. Find( 1 ) | 22. 21. Column( 10 ) | |
| 22. 4. Update( 3 ) | 22. 22. Table( 3 ) | |
| 22. 5. Delete( 4 ) | 22. 23. Calendar Date( 9 ) | |
| 22. 6. Basic( 2 ) | 22. 24. Clob Blob( 5 ) | |
| 22. 7. Transient( 1 ) | 22. 25. EJB Query Language( 49 ) | |
| 22. 8. One To Many Mapping( 9 ) | 22. 26. Named Query( 6 ) | |
| 22. 9. One To One Mapping( 9 ) | 22. 27. Native Query( 3 ) | |
| 22. 10. Many To Many Mapping( 5 ) | 22. 28. Pageable ResultSet( 1 ) | |
| 22. 11. Many to One Mapping( 9 ) | 22. 29. Query Parameter( 1 ) | |
| 22. 12. Cascade Action( 2 ) | 22. 30. ResultSet Mapping( 7 ) | |
| 22. 13. Lazy Eager( 2 ) | 22. 31. Attribute Overrides( 4 ) | |
| 22. 14. Join Column( 2 ) | 22. 32. Cache( 1 ) | |
| 22. 15. Embeddable( 3 ) | 22. 33. Entity Lifecycle( 1 ) | |
| 22. 16. Inheritance( 13 ) | 22. 34. EntityListener( 7 ) | |
| 22. 17. Secondary Table( 6 ) | 22. 35. Transaction( 2 ) | |
| 22. 18. Generated ID( 11 ) | 22. 36. Version( 1 ) | |
| 23. JSP | ||
| 23. 1. Introduction( 19 ) | 23. 31. Page Directive Attributes( 1 ) | |
| 23. 2. Variable( 4 ) | 23. 32. import( 1 ) | |
| 23. 3. Data Type( 4 ) | 23. 33. PageContext( 6 ) | |
| 23. 4. String( 3 ) | 23. 34. Request( 7 ) | |
| 23. 5. Array( 3 ) | 23. 35. JSP init destroy( 1 ) | |
| 23. 6. If( 4 ) | 23. 36. forward( 1 ) | |
| 23. 7. Switch( 2 ) | 23. 37. Include( 3 ) | |
| 23. 8. for( 4 ) | 23. 38. Cookie( 3 ) | |
| 23. 9. While( 3 ) | 23. 39. HTTP Header( 2 ) | |
| 23. 10. Break( 1 ) | 23. 40. Session( 4 ) | |
| 23. 11. Continue( 1 ) | 23. 41. JSP 2.0( 2 ) | |
| 23. 12. Exception( 10 ) | 23. 42. Get Set Property( 2 ) | |
| 23. 13. Operators( 7 ) | 23. 43. UseBean( 13 ) | |
| 23. 14. Class in JSP Page( 11 ) | 23. 44. Image Creation( 3 ) | |
| 23. 15. Methods( 7 ) | 23. 45. JavaScript JSP( 1 ) | |
| 23. 16. Form Button( 4 ) | 23. 46. JSP Socket( 2 ) | |
| 23. 17. Form CheckBox( 2 ) | 23. 47. Browser( 1 ) | |
| 23. 18. Form TextArea( 1 ) | 23. 48. Log( 1 ) | |
| 23. 19. Form TextField( 2 ) | 23. 49. Plugin( 1 ) | |
| 23. 20. Form Image( 2 ) | 23. 50. Resource Bundle( 2 ) | |
| 23. 21. Form Password( 1 ) | 23. 51. File Save Load( 5 ) | |
| 23. 22. Form RadioButton( 1 ) | 23. 52. Database( 12 ) | |
| 23. 23. Form Select( 3 ) | 23. 53. XML( 2 ) | |
| 23. 24. Form Data Validation( 1 ) | 23. 54. XML Path( 1 ) | |
| 23. 25. Form Input Data( 5 ) | 23. 55. XML Transform( 3 ) | |
| 23. 26. Form Post( 6 ) | 23. 56. Application( 1 ) | |
| 23. 27. Form Hidden Field( 1 ) | 23. 57. Shopping Cart( 1 ) | |
| 23. 28. File Upload Field( 1 ) | 23. 58. Custom Tag( 22 ) | |
| 23. 29. Scriptlet( 5 ) | 23. 59. Custom Tag PageAttribute( 1 ) | |
| 23. 30. Error Page( 4 ) | ||
| 24. JSTL | ||
| 24. 1. Introduction( 4 ) | 24. 19. Format Date( 10 ) | |
| 24. 2. Output( 5 ) | 24. 20. Format Number( 11 ) | |
| 24. 3. Operators( 4 ) | 24. 21. Parse Date( 3 ) | |
| 24. 4. If( 7 ) | 24. 22. Parse Number( 5 ) | |
| 24. 5. Choose( 5 ) | 24. 23. Header( 1 ) | |
| 24. 6. ForTokens( 2 ) | 24. 24. import( 2 ) | |
| 24. 7. ForEach( 11 ) | 24. 25. JSTL SVG( 1 ) | |
| 24. 8. Collection( 1 ) | 24. 26. Page Context( 4 ) | |
| 24. 9. Set( 11 ) | 24. 27. Redirect( 1 ) | |
| 24. 10. Java Beans( 3 ) | 24. 28. Request( 1 ) | |
| 24. 11. Variable Scope( 1 ) | 24. 29. Session( 6 ) | |
| 24. 12. Cookie( 1 ) | 24. 30. URL( 2 ) | |
| 24. 13. Exception( 5 ) | 24. 31. Browser Type( 2 ) | |
| 24. 14. Form CheckBox( 3 ) | 24. 32. XML( 4 ) | |
| 24. 15. Form Input( 7 ) | 24. 33. XML Path( 6 ) | |
| 24. 16. Form Select( 3 ) | 24. 34. XML Transformation( 2 ) | |
| 24. 17. Form TextField( 1 ) | 24. 35. RSS( 1 ) | |
| 24. 18. Form Action( 4 ) | 24. 36. Chat( 1 ) | |
| 25. Servlet | ||
| 25. 1. Introduction( 5 ) | 25. 18. Error Page( 2 ) | |
| 25. 2. Servlet Methods( 3 ) | 25. 19. Exception( 1 ) | |
| 25. 3. Form( 4 ) | 25. 20. File Save Read( 2 ) | |
| 25. 4. Cookie( 7 ) | 25. 21. Path( 2 ) | |
| 25. 5. Session( 9 ) | 25. 22. Authentication( 5 ) | |
| 25. 6. Counter( 2 ) | 25. 23. Buffer( 2 ) | |
| 25. 7. HttpSessionBindingListener( 1 ) | 25. 24. Internationlization I18N( 10 ) | |
| 25. 8. HttpSessionListener( 1 ) | 25. 25. Content Type( 1 ) | |
| 25. 9. ContextAttributeListener( 1 ) | 25. 26. Log( 2 ) | |
| 25. 10. ContextListener( 1 ) | 25. 27. Refresh Client( 2 ) | |
| 25. 11. ServletContext( 2 ) | 25. 28. Thread( 1 ) | |
| 25. 12. Request( 6 ) | 25. 29. URL Rewrite( 3 ) | |
| 25. 13. Response( 5 ) | 25. 30. web.xml( 6 ) | |
| 25. 14. RequestDispatcher( 2 ) | 25. 31. XML Word PDF Mp3( 7 ) | |
| 25. 15. Redirect( 2 ) | 25. 32. Email( 1 ) | |
| 25. 16. Forward( 2 ) | 25. 33. Database( 6 ) | |
| 25. 17. Filter( 8 ) | ||
| 26. Web Services SOA | ||
| 26. 1. Tools( 2 ) | 26. 3. Web Services Annotations( 7 ) | |
| 26. 2. SOAP( 9 ) | ||
| 27. EJB3 | ||
| 27. 1. J2SE Client( 1 ) | 27. 14. Entity Manager( 2 ) | |
| 27. 2. EJB Servlet( 2 ) | 27. 15. Entity Update( 1 ) | |
| 27. 3. Stateful Session Bean( 2 ) | 27. 16. Transaction( 3 ) | |
| 27. 4. Stateless Session Bean( 2 ) | 27. 17. Annotation( 1 ) | |
| 27. 5. Remote Local Interface( 1 ) | 27. 18. Context( 1 ) | |
| 27. 6. Injection( 4 ) | 27. 19. DataSource JDBC( 2 ) | |
| 27. 7. Resource( 1 ) | 27. 20. Interceptor( 1 ) | |
| 27. 8. Persistence( 2 ) | 27. 21. Interceptors( 1 ) | |
| 27. 9. JPA( 1 ) | 27. 22. Invocation Context( 1 ) | |
| 27. 10. EJB Query Language( 1 ) | 27. 23. Security( 3 ) | |
| 27. 11. Entity Bean Listener( 4 ) | 27. 24. Session Context( 1 ) | |
| 27. 12. Entity Bean( 4 ) | 27. 25. Timer Service( 2 ) | |
| 27. 13. Entity Lifecycle( 7 ) | 27. 26. Web Service( 1 ) | |
| 29. PDF | ||
| 29. 1. Introduction( 8 ) | 29. 40. WMF Image( 1 ) | |
| 29. 2. PDF Reader( 4 ) | 29. 41. Tiff Image( 5 ) | |
| 29. 3. PDF Stamper( 4 ) | 29. 42. Graphics2D( 4 ) | |
| 29. 4. PDF Version( 2 ) | 29. 43. Line( 10 ) | |
| 29. 5. PDF Writer( 7 ) | 29. 44. Rectangle( 3 ) | |
| 29. 6. PDF Compress( 2 ) | 29. 45. Arc( 2 ) | |
| 29. 7. PDF Copy( 2 ) | 29. 46. Circle( 2 ) | |
| 29. 8. PDF Encrypt Decrypt( 4 ) | 29. 47. Curve( 1 ) | |
| 29. 9. PDF Page( 2 ) | 29. 48. Ellipse( 1 ) | |
| 29. 10. Character( 2 ) | 29. 49. Path( 3 ) | |
| 29. 11. Symbols( 1 ) | 29. 50. Shape( 3 ) | |
| 29. 12. Text( 12 ) | 29. 51. Stroke( 7 ) | |
| 29. 13. Font( 20 ) | 29. 52. Transparency( 1 ) | |
| 29. 14. Underline( 4 ) | 29. 53. List( 10 ) | |
| 29. 15. Shading( 3 ) | 29. 54. Table( 11 ) | |
| 29. 16. Chunk( 18 ) | 29. 55. Table Cell( 23 ) | |
| 29. 17. Background Color( 1 ) | 29. 56. Table Column( 6 ) | |
| 29. 18. Section( 5 ) | 29. 57. Table Row( 6 ) | |
| 29. 19. Phrase( 1 ) | 29. 58. TextField( 1 ) | |
| 29. 20. Paragraph( 11 ) | 29. 59. AcroFields( 2 ) | |
| 29. 21. Chapter( 2 ) | 29. 60. AcroForm( 2 ) | |
| 29. 22. Page Event( 6 ) | 29. 61. Action( 4 ) | |
| 29. 23. Page Size( 5 ) | 29. 62. Anchor( 2 ) | |
| 29. 24. Column( 9 ) | 29. 63. Jump( 6 ) | |
| 29. 25. Template( 3 ) | 29. 64. Embedded Javascript( 2 ) | |
| 29. 26. Document( 1 ) | 29. 65. EPS( 1 ) | |
| 29. 27. Document Action( 2 ) | 29. 66. HTML Parser( 3 ) | |
| 29. 28. Thumbs( 1 ) | 29. 67. RTF HTML( 2 ) | |
| 29. 29. Viewer Preferences( 13 ) | 29. 68. Barcode( 15 ) | |
| 29. 30. Zoom( 1 ) | 29. 69. BarcodeEAN( 3 ) | |
| 29. 31. Print( 1 ) | 29. 70. Layer( 8 ) | |
| 29. 32. Metadata( 6 ) | 29. 71. Margin( 3 ) | |
| 29. 33. Bookmarks( 5 ) | 29. 72. Outline( 2 ) | |
| 29. 34. Annotation( 4 ) | 29. 73. Pattern( 6 ) | |
| 29. 35. Image( 17 ) | 29. 74. PdfContentByte( 6 ) | |
| 29. 36. BMP Image( 1 ) | 29. 75. Security( 2 ) | |
| 29. 37. Gif Image( 2 ) | 29. 76. Servlet( 2 ) | |
| 29. 38. JPG Image( 3 ) | 29. 77. to PDF( 2 ) | |
| 29. 39. PNG Image( 1 ) | ||
| 30. Email | ||
| 30. 1. Introduction( 3 ) | 30. 7. Email Server( 7 ) | |
| 30. 2. Email Flags( 1 ) | 30. 8. Email Authenticator( 1 ) | |
| 30. 3. Email Header( 2 ) | 30. 9. Formatter( 2 ) | |
| 30. 4. Email Message( 8 ) | 30. 10. Mime( 6 ) | |
| 30. 5. Email Attachment( 2 ) | 30. 11. Provider( 1 ) | |
| 30. 6. Email Client( 3 ) | 30. 12. Web Mail Client( 1 ) | |
| 31. J2ME | ||
| 31. 1. MIDlet( 7 ) | 31. 31. Coordinates( 1 ) | |
| 31. 2. Display( 3 ) | 31. 32. Clip( 1 ) | |
| 31. 3. Form( 6 ) | 31. 33. Rectangle( 4 ) | |
| 31. 4. StringItem( 5 ) | 31. 34. Screen Buffer( 2 ) | |
| 31. 5. TextBox( 12 ) | 31. 35. Image( 8 ) | |
| 31. 6. DateField( 5 ) | 31. 36. PNG( 1 ) | |
| 31. 7. CheckBox( 1 ) | 31. 37. HttpConnection( 5 ) | |
| 31. 8. RadioButton( 1 ) | 31. 38. Datagram( 4 ) | |
| 31. 9. ChoiceGroup( 2 ) | 31. 39. Cookie( 2 ) | |
| 31. 10. Ticker( 1 ) | 31. 40. Connector( 8 ) | |
| 31. 11. List( 6 ) | 31. 41. Servlet Invoke( 2 ) | |
| 31. 12. CustomItem( 1 ) | 31. 42. OutputConnection( 1 ) | |
| 31. 13. ItemStateListener( 1 ) | 31. 43. ServerSocketConnection( 1 ) | |
| 31. 14. Alert( 3 ) | 31. 44. StreamConnection( 2 ) | |
| 31. 15. Gauge( 6 ) | 31. 45. File Stream( 1 ) | |
| 31. 16. ImageItem( 7 ) | 31. 46. PIM( 3 ) | |
| 31. 17. Command( 6 ) | 31. 47. RecordStore( 17 ) | |
| 31. 18. CommandListener( 2 ) | 31. 48. RecordListener( 1 ) | |
| 31. 19. Key Event( 4 ) | 31. 49. Tones( 3 ) | |
| 31. 20. StopTimeControl( 1 ) | 31. 50. ToneControl( 1 ) | |
| 31. 21. Timer( 3 ) | 31. 51. Video( 2 ) | |
| 31. 22. TimerTask( 2 ) | 31. 52. VideoControl( 1 ) | |
| 31. 23. Thread( 3 ) | 31. 53. Audio Capture( 2 ) | |
| 31. 24. Canvas( 7 ) | 31. 54. Audio Player( 7 ) | |
| 31. 25. Color( 1 ) | 31. 55. Media Manager( 1 ) | |
| 31. 26. Graphics( 7 ) | 31. 56. Stream Media( 1 ) | |
| 31. 27. Arc( 4 ) | 31. 57. MIDI( 5 ) | |
| 31. 28. Draw String( 9 ) | 31. 58. mp3( 1 ) | |
| 31. 29. Line( 2 ) | 31. 59. wav( 1 ) | |
| 31. 30. Font( 8 ) | 31. 60. m3g( 1 ) | |
| 32. J2EE Application | ||
| 32. 1. Custom Report( 1 ) | 32. 4. ModificationItem( 1 ) | |
| 32. 2. Attributes( 1 ) | 32. 5. SearchControls( 2 ) | |
| 32. 3. Context( 9 ) | ||
| 33. XML | ||
| 33. 1. SAX( 16 ) | 33. 17. XSLTProcessor( 2 ) | |
| 33. 2. DOM Parser( 19 ) | 33. 18. JDOM( 1 ) | |
| 33. 3. DOM Edit( 27 ) | 33. 19. XML Schema( 2 ) | |
| 33. 4. DOM Tree( 14 ) | 33. 20. XPath( 2 ) | |
| 33. 5. DOM Attribute( 17 ) | 33. 21. XML Serialization( 7 ) | |
| 33. 6. DOM Element( 40 ) | 33. 22. Attribute( 8 ) | |
| 33. 7. DocumentBuilder( 3 ) | 33. 23. CDATA( 9 ) | |
| 33. 8. Stream Parser( 15 ) | 33. 24. Comment( 5 ) | |
| 33. 9. JAXB( 4 ) | 33. 25. DOCTYPE( 1 ) | |
| 33. 10. StreamFilter( 1 ) | 33. 26. Namespace( 14 ) | |
| 33. 11. Transformer( 8 ) | 33. 27. Processing Instruction( 2 ) | |
| 33. 12. XMLInputFactory( 1 ) | 33. 28. Entities( 3 ) | |
| 33. 13. XMLOutputFactory( 1 ) | 33. 29. Node( 29 ) | |
| 33. 14. XMLStreamReader( 2 ) | 33. 30. XML Reader( 6 ) | |
| 33. 15. XMLStreamWriter( 2 ) | 33. 31. XML Writer( 2 ) | |
| 33. 16. XPath( 7 ) | ||
| 34. Design Pattern | ||
| 34. 1. Singleton( 5 ) | 34. 11. Facade Pattern( 2 ) | |
| 34. 2. Observable and Observer( 6 ) | 34. 12. Factory Pattern( 2 ) | |
| 34. 3. Abstract Factory Pattern( 1 ) | 34. 13. Iterator Pattern( 1 ) | |
| 34. 4. Adapter Pattern( 3 ) | 34. 14. Mediator Pattern( 1 ) | |
| 34. 5. Bridge Pattern( 1 ) | 34. 15. Prototype Pattern( 1 ) | |
| 34. 6. Builder Pattern( 3 ) | 34. 16. Proxy Pattern( 3 ) | |
| 34. 7. Chain of Responsibility Patterns( 3 ) | 34. 17. State Pattern( 2 ) | |
| 34. 8. Command Pattern( 2 ) | 34. 18. Strategy Pattern( 2 ) | |
| 34. 9. Composite Pattern( 1 ) | 34. 19. Template Pattern( 2 ) | |
| 34. 10. Decorator Pattern( 3 ) | 34. 20. Visitor Pattern( 2 ) | |
| 35. Log | ||
| 35. 1. Log( 14 ) | 35. 5. Log Handler( 20 ) | |
| 35. 2. Log Level( 7 ) | 35. 6. Config Properties( 3 ) | |
| 35. 3. Log Filter( 3 ) | 35. 7. LogManager( 2 ) | |
| 35. 4. Log Formatter( 8 ) | ||
| 37. Apache Common | ||
| 37. 1. StringUtils( 16 ) | 37. 10. ObjectUtils( 5 ) | |
| 37. 2. toString builder( 5 ) | 37. 11. RandomStringUtils( 6 ) | |
| 37. 3. CompareToBuilder( 1 ) | 37. 12. RandomUtils( 1 ) | |
| 37. 4. EqualsBuilder( 3 ) | 37. 13. ExceptionUtils( 1 ) | |
| 37. 5. ClassUtils( 5 ) | 37. 14. CharSet( 1 ) | |
| 37. 6. Serialization Utils( 1 ) | 37. 15. CharSetUtils( 5 ) | |
| 37. 7. DateUtils( 4 ) | 37. 16. HashCodeBuilder( 4 ) | |
| 37. 8. DateFormatUtils( 8 ) | 37. 17. StopWatch( 1 ) | |
| 37. 9. NumberUtils( 6 ) | 37. 18. Fraction( 1 ) | |
| 38. Ant | ||
| 38. 1. Introduction( 4 ) | 38. 7. imported( 1 ) | |
| 38. 2. Output( 1 ) | 38. 8. Condition( 5 ) | |
| 38. 3. Properties( 5 ) | 38. 9. Existance Check( 2 ) | |
| 38. 4. Resource File( 3 ) | 38. 10. Mapper( 1 ) | |
| 38. 5. File Directory( 9 ) | 38. 11. Target( 1 ) | |
| 38. 6. Fileset Pattern( 19 ) | ||
| 39. JUnit | ||
| 39. 1. Introduction( 2 ) | 39. 4. fail( 1 ) | |
| 39. 2. TestCase( 8 ) | 39. 5. assert( 8 ) | |
| 39. 3. Test Suite( 4 ) | 39. 6. Exception( 1 ) | |
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
